Journal: BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Article Title: The relevance of sputum galectin-7 levels to clinical and prognostic factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study from China

doi: 10.1186/s12890-026-04171-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of sputum galectin-7 levels among different groups (Healthy, GOLD I, GOLD II, GOLD III–IV), adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, smoking intensity and BMI

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Sputum galectin-7 and future acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between AECOPD and non-AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history) Fig. 6 Sputum galectin-7 and future frequent acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between frequent AECOPD and non-frequent AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future frequent acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history) To compare the predictive performance of sputum galectin-7 and a history of prior acute exacerbations for identifying patients at risk of future acute exacerbations, we constructed ROC models.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Article Title: The relevance of sputum galectin-7 levels to clinical and prognostic factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study from China

doi: 10.1186/s12890-026-04171-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: ROC curves of sputum galectin-7 for discriminating healthy controls from all COPD patients, healthy controls from GOLD I–II, healthy controls from GOLD III–IV, and GOLD I–II from GOLD III–IV

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Sputum galectin-7 and future acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between AECOPD and non-AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history) Fig. 6 Sputum galectin-7 and future frequent acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between frequent AECOPD and non-frequent AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future frequent acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history) To compare the predictive performance of sputum galectin-7 and a history of prior acute exacerbations for identifying patients at risk of future acute exacerbations, we constructed ROC models.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Article Title: The relevance of sputum galectin-7 levels to clinical and prognostic factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study from China

doi: 10.1186/s12890-026-04171-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spearman correlation heatmap of galectin-7 and clinical indicators . Red indicates positive correlations, and green indicates negative correlations, with color intensity reflecting correlation strength. Statistical significance is denoted as * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001. Only correlations with P < 0.05 are labeled

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Sputum galectin-7 and future acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between AECOPD and non-AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history) Fig. 6 Sputum galectin-7 and future frequent acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between frequent AECOPD and non-frequent AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future frequent acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history) To compare the predictive performance of sputum galectin-7 and a history of prior acute exacerbations for identifying patients at risk of future acute exacerbations, we constructed ROC models.

Techniques: Labeling

Journal: BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Article Title: The relevance of sputum galectin-7 levels to clinical and prognostic factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study from China

doi: 10.1186/s12890-026-04171-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bidirectional comparison between emphysema and sputum galectin-7: ( a ) Emphysema Index in high, moderate, and low sputum galectin-7 groups; ( b ) Sputum galectin-7 levels (pg/mL) in participants with and without emphysema

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Sputum galectin-7 and future acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between AECOPD and non-AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history) Fig. 6 Sputum galectin-7 and future frequent acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between frequent AECOPD and non-frequent AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future frequent acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history) To compare the predictive performance of sputum galectin-7 and a history of prior acute exacerbations for identifying patients at risk of future acute exacerbations, we constructed ROC models.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Article Title: The relevance of sputum galectin-7 levels to clinical and prognostic factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study from China

doi: 10.1186/s12890-026-04171-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sputum galectin-7 and future acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between AECOPD and non-AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history)

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Sputum galectin-7 and future acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between AECOPD and non-AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history) Fig. 6 Sputum galectin-7 and future frequent acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between frequent AECOPD and non-frequent AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future frequent acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history) To compare the predictive performance of sputum galectin-7 and a history of prior acute exacerbations for identifying patients at risk of future acute exacerbations, we constructed ROC models.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Article Title: The relevance of sputum galectin-7 levels to clinical and prognostic factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study from China

doi: 10.1186/s12890-026-04171-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sputum galectin-7 and future frequent acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between frequent AECOPD and non-frequent AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future frequent acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history)

Article Snippet: Fig. 5 Sputum galectin-7 and future acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between AECOPD and non-AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history) Fig. 6 Sputum galectin-7 and future frequent acute exacerbations in COPD: ( a ) comparison of baseline sputum galectin-7 levels between frequent AECOPD and non-frequent AECOPD groups; ( b ) prediction of future frequent acute exacerbations using age, sex, smoking status, BMI, lung function, and other confounders, exacerbation history, and sputum galectin-7, with performance comparison between Multivariable Model 1 (confounders + galectin-7) and Multivariable Model 2 (confounders + exacerbation history) To compare the predictive performance of sputum galectin-7 and a history of prior acute exacerbations for identifying patients at risk of future acute exacerbations, we constructed ROC models.

Techniques: Comparison